Participle phrases use past or irregular verb forms (typically ending in -ed or -en) to function as adjectives that modify nouns. This lesson shows how participle phrases add descriptive detail to direct objects, helping you specify which person, thing, or concept you're referring to.
Participle Phrases modifying the DIRECT OBJECT
The company launched (a product designed to save time) last year.
She reviewed (a report based on recent data) this morning.
They followed (procedures written for new staff) during training.
The team used (tools aimed at improving performance) last month.
Management approved (a plan developed by experts) last week.
He shared (instructions prepared in advance) before the task.
Participle Phrases modifying the DIRECT OBJECT
The manager gave the team (a plan designed to reduce costs) last week.
She gave employees (guidelines written for new staff) yesterday.
They gave the client (a report based on recent data) this morning.
The company gave managers (tools aimed at improving performance) during training.
He gave the group (instructions prepared in advance) before the meeting.
The trainer gave participants (materials tailored to their needs) at the session.
Participle Phrases as Adjectives (Descriptive Examples)
Tired after a long meeting, the manager decided to finish early.
The report, written by the sales team, was sent to all departments.
Designed for small offices, the new printer is very popular.
Chosen for her excellent English, Anna joined the international project.
The email, sent without a subject, caused some confusion.
Surprised by the good results, the team celebrated together.
Note: The following sentences are shorter (reduced) forms of sentences that originally used "who is/are", "that is/are", or "which is/are".
For Examples:
Employees who are interested in training... → Employees interested in training ...
Computers that are used every day... → Computers used every day ...
Products which are made in our factory... → Products made in our factory ...
Participles as Adjectives (Postnominal)
Employees interested in training can join the new course.
Products made in our factory have very good quality.
Customers given quick answers usually return again.
Documents prepared last week are ready for the meeting.
Teams trained in safety make fewer mistakes.
Computers used every day need regular updates.
Managers chosen for the new office start next month.